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Rodna Mountains

The National park

It one of the vastest protected surfaces is located in Carpates Orientales occupies a surface of 47.304 hectares of which 3300 hectares are regarded as reserves biosphere since 1979.

The Rodna Mounts are located in the north of Romania, the park extends in the departments from Bistrita - Nasaud and Maramures.

The access is possible by the train (it there with the transcarpatic way Salva - Viseu, located at the west of the solid mass and which facilitates the access to the mounts of Rodna starting from small the villages that it crosses: Telciu, Romuli, Nasaud, Rebrisoara, Nepos, Sangeorz - Bai, Anies, Maieru, Rodna.

Roads connect Transylvania to Maramures, by the Collar Setref.

There is a forest road which connects Transylvania to Bucovine (by the Collar Rotunda).

The Mounts of Rodna preserve, more than all the other mountains of Romania, the traces of the quaternary glaciers.

A karstic relief represented by caves like: “Izvorul Tausoarelor” (the Source of Tausoare) or “the gutter of Zalion” (Jgheabul him Zalion) or “the bath of Schneider” (Baia him Schneider).

The river of Somes Mare has its source in this solid mass and collects all the small rivers of the western south, the south and the west of the Rodnei Mounts: Cobasel, Valea Vinului, Anies, Cormaia, Rebra, Salauta, with Telcisor, Stramba.

Under the top of Gargalau, it is the river Bistrita Aurie (Bistrita Dorée) which takes its source and moves towards the area of Bucovine.

There are also 23 glacial lakes among which: Iezerul Pietrosului, Taurile Buhaiescului, Lala Pond, Lala Mica.

The flora is extremely rich, there are several rare species protected by the law: edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum), yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea), (Gentiana punctata), angelica (Angelica archagelica), Sangele voinicului (Nigitella will rubra), the yew (Taxus will rubra).

A fauna protected at the international level more than 29 (species of the lépidoptères among which Erebia pharte carpatica.

Birds of big size are found: the grouse (Tetrato tetris),
The cock of heather (Tetrao urogallus), the imperial eagle (Aquila chrysqetos);

Among the mammals: the stag carpatic (Cerfus elaphus), the roe-deer (Capreolus capreolus), the marmot (Marmota marmota), the wild boar (Known scrofa), the bear (Ursus arctos), the wolf (Canis lupus), the lynx (Lynx lynx)

The marten (Martes martes), the chamois (Rupicapra will rupicapra).

In the morphological landscape of mounts RODNEI there are two tops:
“Ineul” 2279 m and “Pietrosu Rodnei” 2303 m which preserve glacial relics.

Rodna Veche
With the feet of the Mounts of Rodna it there with the locality Rodna- Veche, or vestiges of the Neolithic time and time of bronze were found.

Celtic objects are the proof of the life of the Celts on its places (discoveries in the ISCED of Anies, fortification to two km of Rodna).

The valley was inhabited before the conquest by the Romans and there is evidence that the inhabitants worked mines at the time of Burebista and Decebal.

Exploitation of metals, among which gold, the money, which was in abundance was made afterwards by the Novels during their occupation and until the retirement of the Romans. (Of the archaeological traces of the metallurgical works and the installations for the washing of gold are here)

The scientist Florian Porcius (born in Rodna) and the historian Iulian Martian wrote on the traces of the Romans with Rodna - Veche, on the galleries of the mine and the calendar found there low, which measured the duration of the time of the work of Dac in the underground.

After the retirement of the Romans the territory was invaded by the migratory populations (IV century).
At the XI century it with the province of Valea Rodnei undergoes the invasion of the other very destructive migratory people there.

It is after 1150 that the Hungarian kings begins with catholiciser the inhabitants. In the mining center of Rodna one finds the only monastery Benedictine.

In 1241 Rodna the first invasion tatare undergoes. Those, directed by Kadan conquered the city. In 1268 Rodna is already a remade city, with cross soldiers and monks.

Between 1284-1285, the tatares burn and destroy the city, including the Dominican basilica (including two turns remainders until our days).

Between 1349-1350 the epidemic of plague devastated the valley of Somes including Rodna. The tatares were driven out about 1353 by an army of Transylvania which arrived by the Collar of Rodna.

After the 1359 (the creation of Moldavie by the voïvode of Maramures, Bogdan I) town of Rodna becomes town of border and customs between Moldavie (the part of future Bucovine) and Transylvania.

A new invasion devastator of the tatares in 1717 destroyed the city and 1762

the Austrian empress Marie Thérèse, decides a plan to militarize the valley of Somes. The soldiers of Rodna took part in

the revolutionary events of 1848.

Personality:
Florian Porcius (born. August 28, 1816 Rodna- dead May 30, 1906 Rodna)
Botanist, pioneer of the Rumanian botanical terminology.

Wire of a poor peasant, Florian Porcius obtained a purse to make his studies in Vienna (1844), after it was characterized by a scientific and also patriotic activity.

Received in audience by the Emperor of Habsbourg (1848), it defended the right of these fellow-citizens and it was imprisoned in Cluj.

After 1882 it was elected member of the Rumanian Academy and it published many studies and scientific books which remain a reference in the field

It described rare species E the flora like Heracleum carpaticum, Centaurea carpatica, Pulmonaria dacica, some species described by him bear its name besides: Festuca porcii, Sassurea porcii.

Among works published: ” Enumeratio plantarum phaneroga-micarum districtus quondam Naszo” (1868) in Latin,” the plants spontaneous vascular cryptogams of Transylvania (1881).


Text: Cleopatra Lorintiu

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