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The area known under the name of BUCOVINE formed part at the time of the Average Age of the Principality of Moldavia.

Bucovine at the Average Age.

Villages of this area as Campulung Moldovenesc had documentary certificates at the time of the voïvode (prince) Alexandru concealment Bun (1411), of the voïvode (prince) Stefan cel Mare and of his prince Petru Rares. (1532-1537).

The work of prince Dimitrie Cantemir “Descrierea Moldovei” (the description of Moldavia) of 1716 refers to this area compared to the way of organizing the administrative life in the shape of a “republic” made up of about fifteen localities which had their own laws and judges.

At that time the community of villages bore the name of “Ocolul Campulungului” and its inhabitants had a great autonomy compared to the capacity of the Moldavian state.

Moldavian prince Grigore Alexandru Ghica granted at this community rights noted in the document
“Cartea domneasca (the princely book) on August 18, 1747.

To each time a new prince went up on the throne of Moldavia it renewed the privileges of autonomy of this area because it ensured the defense of Moldavia on the principal collars of Carpates in direction of Transylvania.

At the XVII century for the short period in which Polish occupied the north of Moldavia, the commander of the army had the seat in this area known under the name of “Obste of ocol” which told in 1766, 922 families including 377 in the town of Campulung.

Bucovine under the Austrian occupation.

The Austrian occupation starts in 1774 when the troops of Hapsburgs occupied the North-West of Moldova, after the Russo-Turkish War, at the moment of the retirement of the Russian troops and the weakening of the Othman Empire following the 6 year old war (1768-1774).

By the peace of Kainardji (at the end of the Russo-Turkish war), Catherine II had obtained great advantages, amongst other things: possession of Kimburn, Iénikalé and Azoff.

Russia is established thus firmly in the Black Sea, trying to cut through a path towards Byzance.
Austria, jealous, wanted compensations.

For this purpose, the cabinet of Vienna addressed to the “Sublime Door” the Othman capacity, and the latter, without much difficulty, thanks to the degrading corruption of the civil servant Turkish and to the liberality of Austria, made it possible this one to remove Bucovine in Moldavia. “By taking Bucovine we have between the hands the key of Moldavia” said Kaunitz, on February 7, 1775.

And, thus, known as Alfred Rambaud, was accomplished the abduction of the “Bucovine, less at the expense of stripped plaster Turkey that alive Rumanian nationality. However, Bucovine is a Rumanian country or are the castles and the battle fields of the former Princes, Souchéava (Suceava), the primitive capital, the Red Forest of Etienne the Large one, Poutna (Putna), royal Burial etc

(“General History of Europe” by Lavisse and Rambaud.)
(Source: Abduction of Bukovine (1775) Romania through the ages of Romulus Seisanu, Universul Editions, Bucharest 1936.


Between 1775-1918 the area course some stages:

1 military administration (1775-1786).

2 the period when this area, bearing the name of BUCOVINA belonged to the “administrative Circle of territorial province GALICIA” 1786-1848.

3 the period when Bucovina is recognized like autonomous duchy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Following the economic, social and national exploitation exerted by the Austro-Hungarian occupants the Rumanians of Bucovine begin their national fight to keep their identity (1848-1918).

All Bucovine belongs to Romania after the First World War.

At the time of the First World War, the Rumanians of Bucovine and Transylvania were already organized in
“The Association of the Rumanians Bucovinei and Transylvanians
” which supported the entry of Romania in war to with dimensions of the Allied ones.

In February 18, 1918 the Ukraine formulates territorial claims on Bucovine.

The year 1918 represents for Bucovine the moment of self-determination and the unification with Romania.

The stages of self-determination are as follows:

On October 14, 1918 on the initiative of Sextil Puscariu the Assembled National one is convened in Cernauti. This one autoproclame Assembled Constituent and decides the union of “all Bucovine” with the other Rumanian provinces which belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the formation of an independent national state.

In this moment is born to it the National Council representing Bucovine and the Executive committee under the direction from Iancu Flondor.

In the situation disturbs area, the National Council asks the support of the army of Romania. This one dispatches a division on October 23, 1918 on the spot and informs the Austrian government.

On November 12 the National Council establishes the institutions of autonomy Bucovinei.
On November 15, 1918 the Congers General of Bucovine votes the Union with Romania.

King Ferdinand of Romania signs the Decree law of December 18, 1918 per which Bucovine joined the Rumanian State reunified on December 1, 1918.

In 1920 the Rumanian State dissolved by decree regional leading institutions of Bucovine, Transylvania and Bessarabia.

During the autumn of the year 1920 took place the monetary unification, the Rumanian State withdraws circulation the lei emitted by German, the Austrian crowns and the rubles.

Until our days the south of Bucovine belongs to the Rumanian State.

Bucovine after 1940.


During the summer 1940 Romania was put in front of the following option: that is to say to disappear like national state or to yield territories.

On June 26, 1940, the Soviet Foreign Minister Viaceslav Molotov convenes the Rumanian diplomat Gheorghe Davidescu in the Kremlin and poses to him the ultimatum to yield Bessarabia and the North of Bucovine.

On June 29, 1940 Soviet advertisements their intention to enter the following day these territories. Romania is obliged to leave the territory of Bessarabia in 4 days.

In this situation the Council of the Crown of Bucharest decides to yield the territories requested by Soviet in the hope to keep the Rumanian State.

Romania yielded North of Bucovine, the county of Herta and Bessarabia in the Soviet Union.
After 1944 resistance anticommunist appears in the mountains of Bucovine.

On May 15, 1944 is born in Bucovine the first anti-Soviet group of resistance directed by Vladimir Macoveciuc Voitonel.

On June 20 the partisans Bucovinei exterminate a group of officers of the Soviet state major and two groups Soviet.

In July 1944 is born the group from the partisans of Putna, directed by Constantin Cenusa.
The NKVD and the “Siguranta” (forces of the ministry for the Rumanian interior) stop the leaders of group of the partisans Bucovinei “negro Sumanele” of Vatra Dornei, directed by Gavrila Olteanu.

The partisans of Bucovine resisted the actions of the communist mode until January 1958 when the Communists stopped the last partisan Bucovinei, Vasile Motrescu.

In 1991, after the fall of Communism in the USSR, the Ukraine independent inherits Bucovine North and of told Herta.


below the map of Bucovine of 1910 - map of Bucovine 2005 click here



 

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