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Henri Coanda

Romanian engineer, inventor of the aircraft reaction.

Henri Coanda was born June 7, 1886, his father Constantine Coanda was a native of Craiova (Romania) and his mother, Hayde Danet of Morlaix (France) was the daughter of Dr. Gustave Danet, french scholar, a friend of Pasteur and Dr. Peter Paul Roux.

It will travel a lot, but he will spend a large part of his life in France. He enrolled in school aeronautics than Paris, where he received a degree in 1909.

Henri (Marie) COANDA is a Romanian engineer who is the inventor of the aircraft reaction (first flight in 1910), first introduced the first jet in history.

Even if its only test flight ended against a wall and we understand, since the reactor was located at the front and had a thrust of 220 kg, and everything with an aircraft which, though qu'entièrement wood was still a very classic and very few adapted to a system reaction, and it has been well forgotten ...


H. Coanda (1886 - 1972) has to his credit more than 250 inventions including the physical effect that bears his name: the physical flow (air, liquid ...) in a conduit.

In 1935, he was the first to create a small model aluminum, shaped lenticular (like a flying saucer) with a single opening placed down, above a small stream of air. "I n'attendais a slight uprising," he said during the first test while the aircraft crève the roof of the workshop and will crashed in a field.

It is a strange phenomenon of fluid mechanics, discovered by chance after a mishap during an experiment in aeronautics, by the engineer aerodynamic Romanian Henri Coanda (1886-1972), who gave his name.

Henri Coanda began his practice in technology aerodynamics where he became famous throughout the world. He received numerous awards in the world for his inventions, some are mentioned here:

A mobile platform for experiments aerodynamic, and has mounted the device on a train and carried out the experiments while the experimental train was travelling at about 90 kph, on the itinerary of Paris-Saint Quentin.

In this way he could determine quantitatively aerodynamic phenomena; using a wind tunnel with smoke and a balance of its aerodynamic design he measured aerodynamic principles using a special camera to photograph (designed only). Because of these experiences he could establish the appropriate profile wings which later were used to design airplanes.

* Coanda -1910 the first-ever trip to jet in the world.

* In 1911 in Reims, H. Coanda presented a two-plane engine with only one propeller.

* Between 1911-1914 while technical director planes Bristol in Great Britain, he designed several aircraft known as Bristol-aircraft Coanda.

In 1912 one of these planes won the first prize in the International Military Aviation in England.

Between 1914-1916 H. Coanda worked for aircraft Dalauney - Belleville Saint Denis. He sees three types of aircraft, among them Coanda -1916, with two propellers mounted near the tail (like the DC-9 transport well experienced traveler).
The discovery the most famous, the most studied and applied by Henri Coanda is the "Coanda effect." Coanda realized that for the first time what would become known as Coanda effect while it reviewed its travel jet aircraft, Coanda-1910.

After the studies that have lasted more than 20 years, (carried out by Coanda and other scientists) was identified as a new aerodynamic effect.

On 8 October 1934 Coanda received the patent "process and device for deflecting a fluid inside another fluid." This process has many applications it is difficult to select the most important push the lead to modern aircraft and missiles, including reverse thrust, reducing the noise level for travel by jet engines and increase the lift by the blowing of aerodynamic surfaces.

In 1935, based on the Coanda effect, "Coanda designed a flying machine, which resembles what is known today as" flying saucer "(he called his machine Aerodina Lenticular). Coanda considered that this could be one of the largest of its effect on the future of aviation. In 1967, at a symposium organized by the Romanian Academy said:

"These airplanes we have today are no more than a perfection of a toy is to use paper children to play with. My opinion is we should find a completely different machine theft, based according to other principles of flight.

I believe the aircraft of the future, one that take off vertically, fly as usual and land vertically. This machine flight should have no part in the movement. The idea came from the enormous power of hurricanes. "


Henri Coanda is recognized today as the father of principle jets, and its work were very early récupères by the Nazis (and which led the V1 and V2 rockets).

The Coanda effect, strictly speaking, is as follows: when a fluid (gas or liquid) fate of a container with a hole or a pipe, a part of this fluid has a tendency, when it emerges, intimately marry outside the contour of the vessel, even if it takes to do so, make a "turn hairpin."

The most familiar example of the Coanda effect is the unfortunate way in which tea runs a teapot when n'incline not enough spout tea leaves much of the teapot, but the jet adheres to the external wall that eventually drain into the cup where it was supposed to happen, it is therefore the Coanda effect.

The existence of this phenomenon is closely dependent on a few critical parameters, among which are the flow of the jet, the intensity of its speed and the exact profile of the nozzle exit.

In other words, when the Coanda effect manifests itself at the end of a teapot, just increase the flow of tea to stop the phenomenon, the Coanda effect.

The Coanda effect, which may also have beneficial consequences in certain circumstances, is also, and even more strongly, in the field of gas flow, particularly in aerodynamics, where it can give rise to a very Important because of a phenomenon training over the surrounding air.

This training may involve air quantities sufficient to give rise to practical applications. Thus, in a certain type of vehicle air-cushion, a stream of air is ejects up (not down, as in air-cushion vehicles conventional) through a slot annular prepared on top of the vehicle.

The air jet, after being released up, suffered the Coanda effect to the ground and flows along the walls of the vehicle. In so doing, he brings with him a portion of the air overcomes the vehicle.

It creates above the vehicle depression which, combined with excess pressure (exerted) beneath the vehicle, produces an effect of soil sufficient to raise the vehicle.

This phenomenon is used mainly by the Russian army for planes flying flush with the waves and having a low-wing (aircraft ground effect).

In a field quite different, the Coanda effect is the result of the operation of logic circuits using a fluid, also known fluidic circuits.

In these circuits, which circulates compressed air (possibly liquid under pressure), will produce the same phenomena of "all or nothing" (TOR) that those who govern the movement of electronic impulses in the circuits of computers, they are therefore likely the same practical applications, ie the basic calculations or logical decisions.

The fluidic circuits are obviously much slower than electronic circuits, but they have the advantage of being totally insensitive to the disturbances thermal, electromagnetic and mechanical (vibration).
In 1970, Coanda returned to Romania and was established during the last years of his life in Bucharest. In 1971, he and prof. Elie Carafoli have revamped the discipline of technology Aeronautical the Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest, cutting the department of mechanical engineering and aeronautics in two departments of study. Engineering and technology aircraft. He died on 25 Novembre1972. Have name enters the history of aviation and Romanian World is the father of the jets.



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