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Arad

Arad is a city and one Judet (district) of Romania in Transylvania. The chief town is Arad. Judet of Arad is shortened by AR.
Population in 2001: 478 108, density: 62 Hab. /km².
Surface: 7 754 km².
Excavations (archaeological) prove that on the territory of the commune of Arad it y the human ones as of the Neolithic period. The life of the men can be followed until the XI 2nd century when domination of the Hungarian feudal kingdom also widened on this zone.

The first documentary certificate concerning the zone of Arad exists since 1028, when this one is mentioned in the context of the fights of the population counters with the Hungarian feudal kingdom. First mention of locality appears in a document of the years 1078 -1081.

The city is also mentioned in the painted Chronicle of Vienna, goes back to 1131. Enter the years (1551-1552) Arad will be occupied by Turks who will build one new citadel on the place of the current Teba Factory. Around this citadel one develops the new civil establishment.

For the period of the Othman domination (1551 - 1687) the city becomes also an important commercial node, described in detail by celebrate Turkish traveler, Evlia Celebi. After the expulsion of Turkish, Arad will pass under domination of the Hapsburgs.

According to the plan of Eugene of Savoy, the citadel will be rebuilt and consolidated with new bastions. This citadel will be demolished because one will build a news citadel in style Vauban (1765-1783), with the loop of Wall. At the beginning of XVIII-ème century, Arad was the center of the zone of border. The city is quickly populated and it becomes a center agrarian and also important artesian and commercial center.

The statute of the city was of "privileged city cameral" with its characteristic administration. In 1834, the city received the statute of "free city royal". The first historical major moment of the town of Arad is represented by the revolution of 1848.

Under the seat of the Magyar revolutionary army, the troop’s imperial of the garrison of the citadel of Arad bombarded daily, during nine months. In 1849 the Magyar revolutionary army succeeds in occupying fortress during 46 days before Russian imperial armies and Hapsburgs surrounds it and re-occupy it.

The troop’s Hapsburgs incarcerate in the citadel 500 officers revolutionary army, majority being condemned to death. Among them, there were 13 Magyar generals revolutionary who were carrying out of them October 6, 1849. Thus, Arad can be regarded as the place where the Magyar revolution ended in 1848.

At the beginning and the XVIII-ème century, the center of the city in Dragasani district and in the Serb district, following the damming up, the city will widen towards the west current Place Avram Iancu.

In second half of the century one will form, especially after construction of the railroads, boulevards and other streets where in the period 1867 - 1914 one builds a series of modern buildings: Town hall, the Cenad Palate, the Cultural Palate, the Court, the Theatre. Arad was an artesian center of tradition, during the time of XVIII- XIX 2nd centuries one counted 32 trade associations there.

Those one kept many documents and specific notes: flags, trunks, seals which prove the activity of these trade associations. The oldest recorded trade was that of the furriers. Bodies of trade will constitute the principal base of development of industry of Arad. By the reputation of its products of factory and articles of luxate, the Arad city will be regarded as one of more famous centers manufacturing of the empire Hapsburg, before Revolution of 1848.
In the last part of the XIX-ème century beside the small industry one develop also the large-scale industry.

One can mention the mill with vapors there, the factory of alcohol and dregs (of wine) and the textile factory Neuman brothers, the factory of cars Hendel, the factory of Lengyel piece of furniture, which by the quality of its products will be famous in Europe and manufactures coaches, created by Johann Weitzer. Thus, at the beginning of the XX-ème century Arad will be an industrial center and economic with 25 of factories and 7 institutions of credit and economies.

Another great historical moment of Arad when, in autumn of this year 1918, after the dissolution of the Empire Hapsburg, the National Council Central Romanian transfers himself to Arad.

Among the leaders of this organization there were politicians of Arad like: Stefan Pop Cicio, Vasile Goldi, Will Ioan Suciu and Ioan Creep? A Magyar delegation directed by Oscar Jaszi came in Arad for to negotiate with the Rumanian representatives.

After three days of negotiations, between 13 and 15 November, days marked by the opening of concessions on behalf of Magyar, Iuliu Maniu the decision of Rumanian expressed very firmly: the total separation of Transylvania of Hungary and union of this one with Romania.

Conceal National Rumanian Central prepared the plebiscitary meeting of Alba Iulia, which December 1, 1918 proclaimed the Union of Transylvania with Romania.

During the time between the two wars the city widens by inclusion, suburbs, following localities: Micalaca, Gradiste, Poltura and Bujac. In these districts, one builds in mass during the time 1930-1940. The water supply network and the system of drain widen.
After the union, the economic structure did not change much. The large one continuous industry to be represented by the Astra Factory, creates in 1920 by the fusion of the firm Josef Weitzer with the factory of cars "Marta" where one will build coaches of railroad and trams, cars, of the trucks and even of the planes; by the factories of textiles ITA, FITA, TEBA, by the Neuman mill, the factory of piece of furniture "Lengyel".

The liquor of plants very famous "Zwack" is produced in Arad. With the industrial activity one adds new factories, for example Manufacture sugar (1926), "Polyrom" (of varnished and dyeings, 1930), The Technical Factory Arad (of the electric bulbs), "Iron" (of the apparatuses radio and electro technical). The economic crisis of the 1929 - 1933 were cause bankruptcy of many factories and more the share of production was concentrated of 22 large companies the economic activity grew, while placing Arad has the fourth place in the country with 4001 of companies.

After the Second World War, Arad develops continuously like an industrial center. Now, one develops the large ones industrial platforms with thousands of employment, which determines the attraction of the population of the rural medium.

Because the Arad city has summer attached to the area of Banat, the urban development will be decree in favor of Timisoara, the capital of the area.

Following the increase in the number of the inhabitants of new districts appeared: Aurel Vlaicu, Calea Romanilor, Micalaca, Southern Faleza and Banu Maracine.

Also, of many important constructions were built: the cinema Dacia, the Hotels "Astoria» and "Park", the House of Culture, the Room General-purpose, the Hospital secondary road, and the swimming pool.
December 1 1989 Arad was the second large city which revolted against the mode Communist of Nicolae Ceausescu.

After 1989, the town of Arad becomes center academic and an important pole of attraction for investors.

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